Bleaching and Purifying Fats and Oils 2nd Edition

  • oil purification-sciencedirect in Venezuela
  • oil purification-sciencedirect in Venezuela
  • oil purification-sciencedirect in Venezuela
  • oil purification-sciencedirect in Venezuela

Separation and Purification Technology

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  • What is oil purification?
  • Oil purification (transformer, turbine, industrial, etc.) removes oil contaminants in order to prolong oil service life. Contaminants and various impurities get into industrial oils during storage and operation. The most common contaminants are: products of oil decomposition.
  • How much crude oil does Venezuela have?
  • Venezuela also counts with light and medium crudes, he says, “In the western ‘Zulia’ region, there are 22 billion barrels of such qualities alone. That’s more than Brazil, Guyana, and Colombia. As well as in the eastern Monagas and Anzoategui basin. The point is that we have even more heavy and extra heavy crude.”
  • What affects Venezuela's oil production?
  • Elections in the U.S., war in Ukraine or in the Middle East, all have an oversized impact on this oil-dependent country. The types of crude you can find in a territory is important, especially in Venezuela, which boasts the world’s largest reserves: 303 billion barrels. “In Venezuela, you mostly get heavy and extra heavy crude.
  • What is Venezuela's crude oil used for?
  • “In Venezuela, you mostly get heavy and extra heavy crude. It is hardly any use on its own, but it is very useful for blending. Gulf Coast refiners are built for it, since they use a process called coking. Citgo for example,” explains Quintero, referring to the refiner that was bought by the Venezuelan state in the late 1980s.
  • Why is Venezuela exporting oil to China?
  • Notably, a significant portion of Venezuela’s exports have been supplied to China as part of its oil-for-loans arrangements, in which China has loaned close to $50 billion to Venezuela in exchange for crude oil deliveries over the last decade.34 Exports to China and other countries were also done as part of sanctions evasions prior to 2023.
  • How much oil does Venezuela produce in 2023?
  • Despite the sizeable reserves, Venezuela produced 0.8% of total global crude oil in 2023. Most of Venezuela's proven oil reserves are extra-heavy crude oil from the Orinoco Belt.